巨龙竹生殖器官形态结构及雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片的方法对巨龙竹生殖器官结构、大小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了观察研究。 巨龙竹为一心皮组成的单室单子房,子房内具有一个胚珠,倒生、双珠被、厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊的发育为蓼型,具多个反足细胞。巨龙竹的花药壁由4层结构组成,包括表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,具1个萌发孔。小穗发育雌雄异熟,雌蕊的发育早于雄蕊的发育。     

几个棉花核不育抗虫杂交种(F1)的抗虫性及经济性状分析

用两个不抗虫和一个抗虫的核不育系为母本,用抗虫品系为父本,配制3个杂交组合(GA×HB、GA5×R27、GA18×HB),研究分析杂交种的抗虫性、产量性状和纤维品质.结果表明3个杂交组合均高抗棉红铃虫,GA5×R27和GA18×HB以及GA×HB分别抗、中抗棉铃虫;3个组合的产量和纤维品质均优于对照.用核不育系作母本,特别是用抗虫核不育系作母本生产抗虫杂种,比用人工去雄生产杂种种子成本低,且有较好的抗虫性和丰产性,因而在棉花生产上具有更加广阔的应用前景.     

Colony internal conditions related to caste production in Melipona compressipes fasciculata (Apidae, Meliponini)

Caste fate conflict is expected in Melipona bees because queens and workers are the same size and are reared in identical sealed cells. Extrinsic and intrinsic colonial factors, however, seem to have limiting effects on queen production. The consequences of colonial conditions on both queen and worker production, particularly the effects of food storage in the colonies, are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether caste production in seven natural colonies of Melipona compressipes fasciculata was affected by food resources, seasonal factors, or internal factors. The results showed that, at the populational level, about 5% of the females developed into gynes; in the strongest colony, 12.7% of the females developed into gynes. Male production was verified only in stronger colonies. We suggest that caste ratio is primarily affected by intra-colonial conditions rather than by food resources. Received 1 November 2005; revised 30 January 2006; accepted 17 February 2006.     

Plumage color as a status signal in male–male interaction in the red-flanked bushrobin, Tarsiger cyanurus

Recent studies have suggested that structural-based coloration is an honest signal of male genetic and/or conditional quality in sexual selection. However, whether structural coloration functions in intrasexual competition is unknown. We examined whether plumage color functions as a status signal during intrasexual interactions in the red-flanked bushrobin Tarsiger cyanurus; adult males have many blue plumes as structural coloration whereas yearling males and females are olive brown with few blue plumages. Blue males did not always dominate olive-brown males. The number of interactions did not differ with the colors of the two birds involved. The interactions of a blue male and an olive-brown male were less aggressive than those of two blue or of two olive-brown males. In this study, we found that structural plumage coloration may serve as a signal of aggressive intent and lower the escalation level of an aggressive interaction in a manner consistent with hypotheses regarding the evolution of delayed plumage maturation.     

中国蟹蛛科一新纪录种和一雄性新发现

描述了产于中国广西、云南和福建的2种蟹蛛,锡兰瘤蟹蛛Phrynarachne ceylonica(O.P.-Cambridge,1884)和贵州耙蟹蛛Strigoplus guizhouensis Song et Chai,1990,前1种系中国新纪录,后1种的雄性系首次发现.标本保存在河北大学博物馆.     

Fine mapping of an Arabidopsis thaliana male sterile mutant EC2-157

An Arabidopsis thaliana male sterile mutant EC2-157 has been isolated using an EMS mutagenesis strategy. Genetic analysis indicated that it was controlled by a single recessive gene called ms157. No pollen grains have been observed in mutant anthers. ms157 Has been mapped to a region of 74kb located in BAC clone T6K22 on chromosome IV using a map-based cloning strategy. As no male sterile genes have been reported in this region, ms157 could be a novel gene related to fertility. The further molecular cloning and functional analysis on this gene should facilitate our understanding of A. thaliana another development. __________ Translated from Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2005, 34(1): 58–63 [译自: 上海师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 34(1): 58–63]     

Intergenerational paternal effect of adult density in Drosophila melanogaster

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Influences of two coexisting endosymbionts,CI‐inducing Wolbachia and male‐killing Spiroplasma,on the performance of their host Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is reported to have the endosymbiont Wolbachia, which shows a strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) between infected males and uninfected females. In the 2000s, female‐biased L. striatellus populations were found in Taiwan, and this sex ratio distortion was the result of male‐killing induced by the infection of another endosymbiont, Spiroplasma. Spiroplasma infection is considered to negatively affect both L. striatellus and Wolbachia because the male‐killing halves the offspring of L. striatellus and hinders the spread of Wolbachia infection via CI. Spiroplasma could have traits that increase the fitness of infected L. striatellus and/or coexisting organisms because the coinfection rates of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were rather high in some areas. In this study, we investigated the influences of the infection of these two endosymbionts on the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus in the laboratory. Our results show that the single‐infection state of Spiroplasma had a negative influence on the fertility of L. striatellus, while the double‐infection state had no significant influence. At late nymphal and adult stages, the abundance of Spiroplasma was lower in the double‐infection state than in the single‐infection state. In the double‐infection state, the reduction of Spiroplasma density may be caused by competition between the two endosymbionts, and the negative influence of Spiroplasma on the fertility of host may be relieved. The resistance of L. striatellus to four insecticides was compared among different infection states of endosymbionts, but Spiroplasma infection did not contribute to increase insecticide resistance. Because positive influences of Spiroplasma infection were not found in terms of the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus, other factors improving the fitness of Spiroplasma‐infected L. striatellus may be related to the high frequency of double infection in some L. striatellus populations.     

‘阳光玫瑰’雄性不育株花蕾发育期抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量的变化北大核心CSCD

以葡萄品种‘阳光玫瑰’及其实生后代雄性不育株‘Y-14’为试材,研究花蕾发育期抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量的变化,阐明葡萄雄性不育新种质的生理生化特征。结果表明:(1)与‘阳光玫瑰’相比,雄性不育株‘Y-14’花蕾的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增高。(2)‘Y-14’花蕾的生长素(IAA)含量高于‘阳光玫瑰’,而脱落酸(ABA)含量显著低于‘阳光玫瑰’;‘Y-14’花蕾的赤霉素含量(GA_(3))在花蕾发育前期低于‘阳光玫瑰’,而其茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)在后期显著低于‘阳光玫瑰’;‘Y-14’花蕾的反式玉米素核苷(TZR)含量较‘阳光玫瑰’偏低。(3)在单核早期,‘Y-14’花蕾的ABA含量变化平缓,而‘阳光玫瑰’的ABA含量急剧升高,与此同时GA_(3)含量开始高于‘阳光玫瑰’,而MeJA含量则在单核早期低于‘阳光玫瑰’且差异逐渐显著。研究认为,‘阳光玫瑰’实生后代不育株‘Y-14’花蕾发育期SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA、IAA、ABA、GA_(3)、MeJA含量异常变化可能导致了雄性不育的发生,而且单核早期可能是‘Y-14’雄性不育产生的关键时期。